Introduction
Squirrels are wild animals that are agile and adaptable. They live in various environments, from dense forests to urban parks, where they build their leaf nests in trees for shelter. Squirrel pregnancy is important to know in controlling their population as female squirrels typically have two litters a year. They look for nesting places, especially during breeding season which can lead them to enter residential areas such as attics or roofs. Understanding the breeding season and habits of the average squirrel helps in appreciating their role in nature.
Squirrel Species and Characteristics
Squirrels are a group of wild animals with over 200 species all over the world. They can be categorized into three main types: tree squirrels, ground squirrels and flying squirrels. Generally speaking, each type has its own characteristics that help them adapt to their environment.
Tree squirrels like grey squirrel, red squirrel and fox squirrel are perhaps the most familiar to us. These agile climbers are often seen running up and down trees in parks and forests. Grey squirrels with their fluffy tails and acrobatic skills are common in urban areas. Red squirrels with their reddish fur are more elusive and found in coniferous forests. Fox squirrels, the largest of the tree squirrels, have varied coat colors ranging from grey to reddish-brown.
Ground squirrels, like California ground squirrels, are adapted to live on the ground. They dig extensive burrow systems where they live and store food. These squirrels are often seen standing on their hind legs looking out for predators.
Flying squirrels, like southern flying squirrels, have a unique feature that sets them apart: a patagium membrane stretching from their wrists to their ankles. This allows them to glide between trees, making them excellent navigators of the forest canopy. Despite their name, flying squirrels don’t actually fly but glide through the air.
Each squirrel species has evolved unique traits that help them survive and thrive in their habitat. Understanding these characteristics not only highlights the diversity within the squirrel family but also their adaptability and resilience as wild animals.
Squirrel Mating Season and Breeding Behavior
When Do Squirrels Mate?
Squirrel mating happens twice a year, late winter and early spring. During this time, male squirrels will look for one female to mate with, although multiple males may compete for the same female. The competition involves aggressive behaviour like slapping tree barks, chasing and loud chattering.
Breeding
After mating, the female prepares for pregnancy which lasts several weeks. Squirrels mate for a short period, sometimes less than a day, before parting ways. Squirrels do not form long term bonds after mating.
Female Squirrels Gestation Period
Length of Gestation
Gestation period varies depending on the squirrel species but it’s between 38 to 46 days. Red squirrels, grey squirrels and fox squirrels may have slight difference in their pregnancy duration.
Nesting and Birth
During the gestation period as the birth approaches, the mother squirrel builds a safe nest in tree cavities, hollow trees, leaf nests or attics. Mother squirrels carefully select these nesting sites to ensure the safety and survival of their young during breeding season. This location protects their babies from predators and harsh weather. When the babies are born, they are blind, hairless and entirely dependent on their mother for warmth and nourishment.
Baby Squirrels
Early Growth and Survival
For the first few weeks, the young stay in the nest feeding on their mother’s milk. As they grow, their food habits change, they develop their first teeth and start to try solid foods.
Learning to Thrive
By 8 weeks old, a baby squirrel starts to leave the nest and try solid food like hickory nuts, insects and tree buds. Their mother teaches them crucial survival skills like how to store food and evade predators.
Sexual Maturity and Independence
Squirrels reach sexual maturity at around 10-12 months depending on the species. Once mature, they will look for mates during the next breeding season and continue the cycle of reproduction.
Parental Care and Challenges
The Mother Squirrel
The single female takes care of her litter without assistance from her mate. She is very protective with ensuring the safety and nourishment of her babies.
Threats to Young Squirrels
Despite the mother’s care, young squirrels has many challenges. Predators, food shortages and environmental dangers can reduce their survival rate. Their ability to adapt and learn survival skills is key to them becoming adult squirrels.
Summary
The squirrel’s gestation period is part of their life cycle, ensuring their survival. They reproduce twice a year, in early spring and again in late summer, to maintain their population in different environments. Their adaptability, food storage and raising their young in trees makes them thrive in both natural and urban settings.
If squirrels have babies in your attic, removing them requires special care to avoid separating the young from their mother. DIY removal attempts can leave baby squirrels orphaned, leading to noise, odour, and additional problems. An experienced wildlife control company can safely and humanely remove the entire family, prevent re-entry, and provide long-term solutions to protect your home. If you suspect squirrels have given birth in your attic—typically in early spring or late summer—it’s best to call a professional to ensure proper removal and prevent further damage.
